Senin, 20 Januari 2014

contoh soal dan pembahasan tetapan keseteimbangan kimia



1.       2CO (g) + O₂ (g) ↔ 2CO₂ (g)
V = 2 liter
Mol CO = 5 mol                        mol CO₂ = 4 mol
Mol O₂ = 5 mol

       2CO (g) + O₂ (g) ↔ 2CO₂ (g)
M   5 mol       5 mol          -
B    4 mol        2 mol        4 mol
S     1 mol       3 mol        4 mol

Kc  = [CO₂]²
         [CO]² [O₂]
     = (4/5)²
        (1/5)² (3/5)
     = 16/25
        1/25  3/5
    = 16 . 5
1         3
                   = 80
                       3
                   = 26,67
2.       CCl₄ (g) ↔ C(g) + 2Cl₂ (g)
T : 25°C = 25 + 273 = 298°K
R : 0.082 atm/mol/K

       CCl₄ ↔ C(g) + 2Cl₂(g)
M    5              -          -
B     3              3          6
S     2              3          6

Kc  =  [C] [Cl₂]²
            [CCl₄]
      = (3) (6)²
             2
      = 3 . 36
            2
      = 54

Kp     ∆n = 2
  Kp = Kc (RT)
       = 54 (0.082 x 298)²
       = 54 x 24,436²
       = 54 x 597.1181
       = 32244.377
3.      Pertama, belerang dibakar menjadi belerang dioksida.
S(s) + O2(g) —-> SO2(g)
Belerang dioksida kemudian dioksidasi lbh lanjut jd belerang trioksida.
2SO2(g) + O2(g) <====> 2SO3(g)……. delta H= -98 kJ

Reaksi ini berlangsung pd suhu sekitar 500 derajat C, tekanan 1 atm dgn katalisator V2O5. Kemudian gas SO2 dilarutkan dlm asam sulfat pekat hingga jd asam sulfat pekat berasap (dsb oleum, H2SO4.SO3 atau H2S2O7).
SO3(g) + H2SO4(l) ——-> H2S2O7(l)

H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l) ——> 2H2SO4(l)
Dari proses kontak ini lalu akan terbentuk asam sulfat pekat dgn kadar 98%
Tahap penting dalam proses ini adalah reaksi (2). Reaksi ini merupakan reaksi kesetimbangan dan eksoterm. Sama seperti pada sintesis amonia, reaksi ini hanya berlangsung baik pada suhu tinggi. Akan tetapi pada suhu tinggi justru kesetimbangan bergeser ke kiri.

1 komentar:

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